Essential Questions

  go to the heart of a discipline. They can be found in the most historically important (and controversial) problems and topics in the sciences: What is adequate "proof" in each field of inquiry? Is our society more advanced than those of the past? 

  have no one obvious "right" answer: essential "answers" are not self-evidently true. Even if there are "truths" and essential theories in a discipline, the student comes to know that there are other plausible theses and hypotheses to be considered and sorted through along with the "sanctioned" views. 

  are higher-order, in Bloom's sense: they are always matters of analysis, synthesis, and evaluative judgment. The student is always asked to "go beyond" the information given. 

  recur throughout one's learning. The same important questions get asked and re-asked, if they are essential. Our answers to essential questions may never be adequate, but they should become increasingly sophisticated. 

  are framed to provoke and sustain student interest. Essential questions work best when the questions are edited to be thought-provoking to students, likely to generate interesting inquiries, and able to accommodate diverse interests and learning styles. 

  link to other essential questions. Good questions engender other good questions. It is therefore useful to think of a family of related questions as anchoring a course and a unit, and also to make clear to students that their questions that arise naturally are part of clarifying the essential questions. 
 

Examples

Which would make the better classroom pet--a starfish, or a hermit crab?

You are going to be going on a hike with your class this week. It's your job to choose which day this week you will go on the hike.

Your classroom has been asked to give an award to the most important community helper. Together, decide which will receive the award and why they deserve it (Police Officers, Fire Fighters, Paramedics, Mountain Rescue, etc.) 

You and your partner are zoo directors. At this time, your zoo has no Australian animals. You have a very limited budget, but you would like to add one Australian
animal to your zoo. Your job is to research at least two Australian animals, and decide which one would be the easiest and cheapest to keep in your zoo. 

You have been chosen to select a pet dog for: 
an elderly person 
a family in Alaska 
a family with young children and no fenced yard 

Your team has been hired by the United State Secretary of the Interior, to study the current environmental threats to the polar regions. You have only enough funding for combating one of those threats. Your task is to research the threats, and then to select the threat that you feel should be given priority for funding. 

You and your team are a travel agency. You are going to be designing a new travel brochure that will advertise one of the mountain regions of the world as an ideal spot for a mountain vacation. Your job is to investigate three different mountain regions, through Internet,. Then come to a decision as to which of those mountain regions would be the best place for tourists to go for a great vacation in the mountains. 

If you were stranded on one of the small, uninhabited islands found in popular childrens' books (Island of the Blue Dolphins; Robinson Crusoe; The Cay; Call it
Courage), on which island would you most prefer to be stranded? How would you supply your basic needs on this island? 

You are a poor Italian trader and have heard that there is great money to be made in selling spices. You don't know much about spices but have decided to join with another trader to do some research to figure out which spice would be the most profitable to harvest and sell. 

You are a pioneer just starting out on the Oregon Wagon Trail. You need to decide what you will take with you in order to survive the trip, and to set up a new home in the Oregon Territory. Brainstorm, with your team, what you need to find out about living conditions on the Trail. After learning about the living conditions, write a list of items you will take with you, and explain why you will need each item. 

Would you rather be an immigrant in 1890 or 1990? Why? 

Your parents have just lost their jobs. Your family is being forced, by necessity, to move from the West Coast to New England. Your job is to help your parents decide
which New England city to move to, from the following list of cities: 
Providence, Rhode Island 
Burlington, Vermont 
Hartford, Connecticut 
Boston, Massachussetts 

Questions from the Bellingham Public Schools